Musical Characterization For Othello s Othello - 997 Words

Musical Characterization for Othello In Verdi’s Othello, the music is used by Verdi to characterize each character in the opera. It is the music who describes the audience the personality traits of each character. Moreover, music accompanies every scene in the opera. In many cases, we can know what is happening or what the character is feeling through the music the orchestra is playing. This is an innovative way to characterize the characters in an opera used by Verdi that do not fit into the traditional ways of Italian opera. This paper intends to describe Verdi’s textual and musical characterization of Othello. Othello is a Moor, general of the Venetian republic. He has passed his fortieth years. He presents the brave, loyal figure of a man of arms. Simply in his bearing and in his gestures, imperious in his commands, cool in his judgement. The scene that follows the duet in Act I should suffice to reveal these gifts of temperaments. This act shows him in all his strength, in all his glory, in all his r adiance. His first words proclaim victory in a voice of thunder amid the tempest. His last words exhale a sigh of love upon a kiss. First, we should see the hero, then the lover, and we must perceive the hero in all his greatness to understand how worthy he is of love, and how great his capacity for passionate devotion. Then from that prodigious love a fearful jealousy will be born through the cunning agency of Iago. Reason and justice govern Othello’s actions up to theShow MoreRelatedOthello s Influence On The World Of Opera1295 Words   |  6 PagesVerdi’s Othello has had a profound influence on the world of opera, and considered by many critics to be his best work. Othello has been performed throughout the world, debuting in over 25 countries within the first fifty years of its creation (Stanford). It has been performed all over the globe by world-renowned operettists, in theatres such as the Lincoln Center in New York, the Sydney Opera House in Sydney, and the Bol shoi in Russia. Othello is about a general who is led to believe his wife isRead More William Shakespeares Use of Song in the Early Comedies3188 Words   |  13 PagesShakespeares Use of Song in the Early Comedies Undertaken to determine what features make a song germane to the story in successful musical theater, this study outlines some characteristics of Shakespeares use of song. Chosen from the plays with which the present author is most familiar-the early comedies-are three substantial pieces (each headed in the play by either Song or sing, and each with at least two stanzas and refrain): You Spotted Snakes, Sigh No More, and Under the GreenwoodRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesChristian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · a person s fate is determined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reasonRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesexperienced similar symptoms as a teenager during his miserable summer in Mexico, Hughes knew he needed a fresh environment. At Rose Valley, Pennsylvania, the Hedgerow Players had a repertory theater in an old mill. There he watched productions of Othello by Shakespeare, The Emperor Jones by Eugene ONeill, and The Devils Disciple by George Bernard Shaw. Hughes wrote, Im getting a sort of inside slant on the theatre, watching the rehearsals and plays every night. Later, he became assistant to Jasper

Inhumane Factory Farms Should Be Treated With Compassion...

Inhumane Factory Farms All animals should be treated with compassion and protected from suffering, throughout their lives. Sadly billions of factory farm animals lack the basic protections under the law. A factory farm is a large-scale industrial operation where thousands of animals are retained for food. Factory farms, or industrialized facilities, maximize profits by treating animals as production units rather than sentimental creatures. The facility threatens them with antibiotics and hormones to maximize and prevent disease their growth and food output. The antibiotics fed to the animals on a consistent basis cause many humans to lose some of their ability to fight strains of certain bacteria. The farm also forces animals to breed and produce young at accelerated unnatural rates that cause stress and exhaustion. Animals raised for food are jam-packed onto trucks and transported to the slaughterhouse without food or water, when they have finally grown large enough. Those who survive the punitive expedit ion are often conscious while their throats are split. The problem with the farm is so many animals being confined in one place creates an environmental hazards, such as land, water, and air pollutions. Factory farms are inhumane and contribute to many health problems for humans, and animals. The science behind global warming is complex. The major cause of global warming is greenhouse gas pollution the main contributors are tar sand, natural gas, and coal plants. In

Lean Free Essays

string(109) " ensure that manufacturing cycle time is decreased and labour is also decreased while increasing the output\." Introduction Lean manufacturing is the systematic elimination of waste from all aspects of an organization’s operations. In this case waste material is seen as anything that does not add value to the products being manufactured. Lean manufacturing is therefore explained as the production of goods while using less waste, less human effort and less inventory. We will write a custom essay sample on Lean or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lean improvement techniques have accomplished a traditional of mass production of products in massive. Lean productions can detect through the entire production system because the entire products are set of mutual coupled techniques. Lean focuses on using less human and machinery effort, less manufacturing space and les time to produce and develop new products while producing less waste material. Lean productions are usually perceived at a very practical level and theoretical, but the relevant of practitioners view point is to implement new products in a new environment, since the practices can only be applied to construction. The main aim of lean production is to improve the quality of products and production time and also cost reduction. Lean production is attributed to improve its techniques by implementing the level of technology, skills and motivation to activate the performance and efficiency of flow of activities through which the conversion activities are bound together. Lean techniques are concepts designed to reduce waste products and achieve an efficient production system. Lean techniques help industries to improve performers, productivity, reduce cost and improve the value of the company. A lean manufacturing system requires the use of correct resources and tools to attain the main goals of lean production. Lean techniques are designed in a product aligned manner where production is based on a one piece flow system in which production is in a continuous flow. Lean techniques require a continuous improvement of processes services and products over a period of time with the aim of reducing waste, improving product performance and customers’ satisfaction. Lean Techniques Lean techniques are set of tools used in the identification and elimination of waste while improving the quality of products and reducing production time and cost incurred. For lean techniques to be effective the industries must define the value of products to meet the customer’s views. They must ensure that the products meet the customer’s needs at specified time and price. Identifying the value in lean manufacturing requires that, one must understand that all the activities required producing certain products and processing them according to the customers view. This way the industry is able to eliminate all non-value added activities from their production process. A continuous improvement process should be practiced by industries so as to achieve this goal. Lean production techniques are driven by five concepts which include cost, quality of products, delivery, safety and morale. One of the common techniques used is the quick and easy Kaizen. Quick and easy Kaizen is a technique which helps in reducing and eliminating waste while promoting person and profession growth of the employees and the companies. At the same time it provides guidance to the employees. (Dennis, 2002). 5s usually can be translated into sort, set in order, shine, standardize and sustain. Sort refers to remove unnecessary tools and items from the workplace and identifying the most needed tools to perform the tasks. Set in order, ensures that tools and materials are arranged in a manner which is easier for the employees to access. Finally sustain ensures that 5s method is assimilated in the organization culture. To ensure this is adhered to by all employees, their performance is measured and they are informed of their progress routinely. The main benefit of this method is that it keeps the workplace orderly and clean. As a result, efficiency is improved by reducing time take to search for tools by reducing inventory and cycle of production time. Total productive maintenance (TPM) is a lean technique which focuses on incorporating all functions and categories of an organization so as to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their production process. Its main aim is to reduce accidents and mistake made during operation and production. It is a technique which aims at preventing maintenance breakdowns, eliminating product defects and designing tools and materials which require less maintenance. Cellular manufacturing also referred to as one-piece flow system, supports a smooth flow of materials, where equipments are arranged in an aligned procedure so as to reduce transport delays. By using this technique, the production capacity of an industry can be increased by adding more production units. Another common technique used is the canon production system which eliminating 9 waste. The objectives of this technique are to manufacture high quality products at reduced cost and deliver them fast to the customers. Lean techniques help in stigma so as to maintenance tools, materials and personnel in a proper manner so as to minimize waste and to increase speed. The lean six stigma techniques are also provided for improvement of the information technology, and human resource department of the company. In this method, company practices such as having and framing new employees can be minimize when speeding is increased and non value adding activities are removed and also when waste is eliminated. (Field, 2001). The lean six methods assist in keeping the focus of the industry on the two goals. Through this commercialization process of the company is made efficient by delivering within the shortest time new capable products and services to the market. The concept that lean has on economic aspirations of developing and developed countries Lean manufacturing involves three basic elements which include waste elimination, continuous one piece workflow and customers pull. Developing countries should focus on integrating these elements in the areas of cost, quality delivery so as to form the lean production system. Once the developing countries adopt the lean production system they are able to reduce waste materials by almost 80%.when waste is reduced the production cost is also reduced consequently. Removal of non value added activities ensure that manufacturing cycle time is decreased and labour is also decreased while increasing the output. You read "Lean" in category "Essay examples" By doing this industrial and developing countries are assured of high quality product, high customers’ satisfaction and as a result they reap high profit. Lean techniques provide a higher system flexible which ensures that industries can react to changes required for improvement. Developing countries have discovered lean manufacturing techniques are effective in reducing costs and waste by increasing their workforce, so as to have a one piece flow system. These countries must reduce costs at all levels by challenging all their activities to establish whether the activities add value to the customers. This way, they can eliminate business processes which do not add value to the customer or benefit the industry. By identifying activities which provide more value to the customer, companies will be able to reduce costs, reduce the time required to achieve a product and also improve the quality of their products. Use of lean manufacturing in developing countries ensures flexibility and one- piece flow production which leads to production of goods which are best suited for the customers needs by meeting the delivery time at a reduced cost. This enables the countries to expand their internal market by reducing costs. Lean implementation’s main goal is to get the right things at the appropriate place, at the required time in the correct quantity so as to attain good products while reducing wastes. Lean techniques are implemented to make work easier to understand and to perform.   They should focus their attention more by determining why a certain operation must be used. Preventing production defects is more profitable than fixing it. Therefore, removing all non-value added activities is more beneficial to the company, and in the long run, improves the economy of these countries. Finally by achieving this, these industries get to enjoy improved cash flow through increased customers demand. Lean manufacturing therefore has contributed a great deal in improving the economy of developing developed countries. Lean techniques can be applied not only the manufacturing industries but also in the service industries and environment. Developing countries should use lean techniques in all production system, whether manufacturing service or products, to analyze system, reduce waste and focus on the customers concerns. Applying these techniques in all type of industries will lead to production of high quality productions and hence more profit. (Taghizadegan, 2006). Physical and socio economic impacts of lean on resources and pollution Lean manufacturing is a concept which focuses on creating a continuous improvement process which engages employees in reducing waste, reducing time and reducing the cost necessary. While the main focus of lean manufacturing is to eliminate non- value added activities and reduce waste, it also leads to improvement of environment performance. Industries are directing their attention to lean manufacturing so as to reduce cost and production requirement resource, to improve their product quality and enhance customer satisfaction and responsiveness so as to boost the company’s profits. The main goal of lean technique is to eliminate waste in every aspect of production including factory management, product designs and supplier system. Incorporation of less human effort and less time to develop the products has led to achieve this goal. (Hobbs, 2003). Industries engage in lean techniques which focus more on production efficiency and improving production of resources. Doing this result to, using less material, using less energy, and in effect, producing less waste. This culture in turn benefits the environment, in the sense that industries train their employees to focus on environmental friendly practices so as to reduce waste production and prevent pollution. Lean methods have established continual improvement based waste elimination techniques which lead to improvement in environmental performance. Research studies have shown that lean techniques focus on environmental management tools which include, life –cycle and tools implemented to reduce the environmental risks and pollution. Decreasing the material used during production especially water, chemicals, energy and other inputs, reduces chance of producing more waste during manufacturing and thus less waste is channeled into the environment. The continual improvement techniques used by industries enables them to identify and remove waste materials during the production process. (Conner, 2001). Conclusion Lean techniques are implemented to make work easier to understand and to perform. The concept of lean production that the products produced must meet the customer needs at the specific time by understand the activities required and optimizing them to complete the process from the customers view. The aim of lean manufacturing is to eliminate waste material in all aspects of production which includes factory management, customer relations and design in this concept, waste material is considered as anything that the customer is unwilling to pay for. Lean techniques are concepts designed to reduce waste products and achieve an efficient production system. Lean manufacturing focuses on using less human and machinery effort, less manufacturing space and less time to produce and develop new products while producing less waste material.   The concept of lean manufacturing focuses on three major aspects which include improvement of quality of products and production time and also cost reduction. Other aspects of lean manufacturing have been established which emphasize on improving the smoothness of work and in effect leading to waste reduction. Lean implementation’s main goal is to get the right things at the appropriate place, at the required time in the correct quantity so as to attain good products while reducing wastes. For lean techniques to be effective the industries must define the value of products to meet the customer’s views. They must ensure that the products meet the customer’s needs at specified time and price. Identifying the value in lean manufacturing requires that, one must understand that all the activities required producing certain products and processing them according to the customers view. This way the industry is able to eliminate all non-value added activities from their production process. A continuous improvement process should be practiced by industries so as to achieve this goal. Lean production techniques are driven by five concepts which include cost, quality of products, delivery, safety and morale. References Conner, G. (2001). Lean Manufacturing for the Small Shop. SME. Dennis, P. (2002). Lean Production Simplified. Productivity Press. Field, W. M. (2001). Lean Manufacturing. CRC Press. Hobbs, D. P. (2003). Lean Manufacturing Implementation. J. Ross Publishing. Taghizadegan, S. (2006). Essentials of Lean Six Sigma. Academic Press. How to cite Lean, Essay examples Lean Free Essays As trained industrial engineers, it seems pretty basic to us. Its simplicity is what makes it work. While the Japanese are rightfully given credit for re-vitiating the concept of lean, its roots really go back to Frederick Winslow Taylor of Bethlehem Steel in the asses and asses. We will write a custom essay sample on Lean or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then it was called â€Å"Scientific Management. † The Taylor approach starts with a clean slate – it designs the process to, as much as possible, only include steps that create value in the product. It is well suited for new plants, new products or new processes. The Japanese approach addresses existing plants, products and processes. It is focused on eliminating â€Å"waste† (anything that is not adding value). As waste is reduced, quality improves, production times are reduced and cost is minimized. Various methodologies are used as tools to achieve this including Value Stream Mapping, AS, Kanata (pull systems) and error-proofing. Our view is that starting with Tailor’s approach lets you establish the perfect world as a base line. Using the Japanese approach then helps you work toward the perfect world. Let’s use a casting example. A typical process might be to cast, clean, finish, re-clean, machine and ship. Why do we clean, finish and machine? We now these processes often can’t be eliminated but why not try? If the casting can be produced as-cast either by achieving best practice methods or changing casting methods (investment casting and lost foam often achieve as-cast parts), machining can be eliminated or minimized. If you don’t put the stock on you don’t have to take it off. Why is finishing (or at least why is so much) required? We know a state-of-the-art MEMO producing iron castings in green sand that require almost no finishing. Are you grinding/trimming parting lines? Then your patterns or molds may need attention. Are you grinding rough casting surfaces? Then your sand is not right or your die casting practices need improvement. Grinding gates? Can they be relocated to areas where they can be left untouched and minimized using knife gating? Are you welding? If you are not Joining parts in welding all you are doing is fixing mistakes. Why do you clean before finishing? Good sand and shake-out practices should produce castings that are clean enough for finishing. Just clean one time after finishing. What’s your scrap level? If you’re not under 3% total scrap, no matter what casting method you use, you are not achieving best practice. That’s without welding and other salvage operations by the way. There are metal casters achieving these levels every day. How do they do it? They share a lot of common traits. First, they understand what best practice is for the process they are using. That includes melting, molding, sand preparation, finishing or what-ever process they are using. They know the best practice way to do everything. You would be surprised at how many metal casters we visit who don’t know what can be done. Next, they are fanatic about doing it the right way. That means equipment 2009 The Folk Group, Adolescent, PA, 18901. 1. 215. 340. 9072 www. Foolproof. Com Page 2 of 8 s well maintained, systems are defined, documented and implemented the same way every time and everyone is well trained and does their Job right. After that they focus on problem Jobs – ones that require re-design, special gating, handling or other steps to insure they are scrap free. Finally, they document all scrap and attack issues. There are other lean practices to implement. If production flows perfectly, there is no inventory waiting to be worked on. Metal casters have helped minimize work-in-process by installing conveyor lines to keep castings moving right through to finished goods storage. This eliminated putting the castings in totes and the added handling. One low to medium volume gray/ductile iron Jobbing foundry (casting weights under 50 pounds) we know now ships 30% of its production the same day and believes they can achieve 70% same day shipment. These standards aren’t Just for the high volume or dedicated metal casting companies any more. â€Å"Automation† or â€Å"smart automation† is a part of lean manufacturing as well. Automation refers to automating the process so humans can focus on what humans do best. The objective here is to design the machine so it knows when it is working abnormally and alerts human. The human no longer has to monitor normal production but can focus on abnormal or fault conditions. Removing routine and repetitive activity reduces the chance for error. Lean manufacturing is focused on doing the right tasks, at the right place, at the right time, in the right quantity to achieve perfect work flow while eliminating waste (scrap) and with the ability and flexibility to change. Implementing lean manufacturing often requires a cultural change in all levels of the organization. Once management is committed, a program needs to be started that begins with small successes and grows to include the entire organization. The Toyota Production System (TAPS) focuses on murk and mud. Murk focuses on the preparation and planning of the process, or what work can be eliminated in the design process. Mud are those waste steps and processes that add cost. Murk is used in new product design and mud is used to improve existing operations. TAPS identifies 7 key mud*. They are: 0 Transportation (moving products that is not actually required to perform the processing) 0 Inventory (all components, work-unprocessed and finished stock not being processed) 0 Motion (people or equipment moving or walking more than is required to perform he processing) 0 Waiting (waiting for the next production step) 0 Overproduction (production ahead of demand) 0 Over Processing (due to poor tool or product design creating activity) 0 Defects (the effort involved in inspecting for and fixing/scrapping defects) *From â€Å"Lean Thinking†, Woman, James P. ND Jones, Daniel T. , Free press, 2003, p. 352 What are the steps to developing a lean culture? 1 . Senior management needs to agree on a lean vision. Page 3 of 8 2. Identify the project leader and set objectives for the leader. 3. Communicate the plan and vision to the workforce 4. Solicit volunteers to form the Lean Implementation Team. Five to seven people with varied backgrounds seems to work best. 5. Appoint the Lean Manufacturing Implementation Team 6. Train the team in various lean tools. AS is often a good starting point. 7. Select pilot project implementation. . Implement the pilot. Evaluate the results, review and learn from mistakes made. 9. Roll out the next project(s). 10. Train supervisors how to teach and train their employees. 11. Continue adding and training in additional lean manufacturing tools. Page 4 of 8 FIVE S Companies frequently select AS as a method to start their lean manufacturing program. Five S is a manageable process that is relatively easy for people to understand and get their arms around. Five S is a reference to five Japanese words that have been transliterated and translated into English. The technique is characterized, incorrectly, â€Å"standardized cleanup. † It is more than that. Five S is a method to organize and manage the workspace and work flow with the intent of improving efficiency by eliminating waste, improving work flow and reducing process inefficiencies. The ass’s are: Sort (Series), Straighten (Sexton), Sweep (Skies), Standardize (Quickest) and Sustain (Skittish). Sort – This means going through the work area and making sure only essential items are present. This is eliminating tools, materials, fixtures or any other items not used in the process. Everything else is stored or, preferably, discarded. Straighten – Straighten focuses on setting the workplace in order to focus on efficiency. This is more than Just arranging the tools and equipment where they will be used and in the sequence they will be used. It is â€Å"straightening† the work path for materials, tools and the work process. Of all the steps this is the one that typically produces the greatest cost reductions. Straightening the work process can include changes in dies or tooling that reduces finishing labor, for example. It may include interaction with the customer to implement design changes that result in cost reduction or quality improvement. It is also the step that bears the most repeat visits to implement continual improvement. Sweep – This is Just what it says: keeping the workplace clean as well as neat. At the end of the shift, the work area is cleaned and everything is restored to its proper place. In straighten, the workplace is clearly marked where things go and gives confidence in the ability to find hat is needed when it is needed. The key point here is that cleanliness is a regular part of the daily work effort, not an effort initiated when the workplace gets too messy. Standardize – Standardizing the work practices means operating in a consistent and standardized fashion. Everyone knows their role and exactly what his or her responsibilities are. Actions are taken the same way – the right way – every time. Sustain – This means more than Just maintaining what has been established. Five S becomes a way of life and a new way to operate. It is important that management does not allow a gradual cline back to the old ways of operating. Sustain also means that when an issue arises – a suggested improvement, a new tool becomes available, or a new output requirement – the process is reviewed improvement. Page 5 of 8 At times a sixth S – for Safety – is added. Five S purists argue that implementation of the AS protocols will result in safety. Implementation of the AS program usually starts with a manageable project. These tend to be in limited work areas or warehouse locations. Once implemented, the results are publicized and the concept is expanded to other areas. The strength of AS is the ease of understanding and implementing the concept. How to cite Lean, Papers

Globalisation And CSR In an Organisation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Globalisation And CSR In an Organisation. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility, Background Corporate social responsibility is an initiative of a business organisation to examine and take responsibility for the effects made by the firm on the social and environmental wellbeing. It is also known as corporate citizenship. It involves experiencing short-term costs, which do not offer an instant economic benefit to the firm. However, it makes positive change to the environment and the society(Tai Chuang, 2014). There is a long history behind the concept of corporate social responsibility that is linked with the way it affects organisational behaviour. The history of CSR highlights how the scholars and business leaders have struggled to outline and theorise CSR(Suliman, Al-Khatib, Thomas, 2016). After the World War II, the concern related to business and future of the economic system increased(Cebcglobal.org, 2017). The fundamental theme of the CSR concept is that the social accountabilities are social forces functioning in all society-making businesses to perform in a positive way. This is true irrespective of whether it is an industrial or a communalist society because the social forces are always present there. Based on the on-going environmental and social problems, CSR has been encouraged by the national and global bodies to obtain values of sustainable development at the organisational level(Turker, 2015). CSR issues in pharmaceutical industry The features of pharmaceutical industry imply a greater risk of dishonesty with a notable mutilation for the industry, the society, and the healthcare system. The pharmaceutical sector has a vital role for a comprehensive salvage of efficiency in the healthcare sector. A number of international institutions interfered with models of moral code that denote the minimum ethical values the companies should reverence to reach decent ethical goals. At present, most of the pharmaceutical firms have a well-managed ethical code of conduct. However, it often seems not to indulge in corporate actions ethically or precisely sharing urgencies in the triple bottom line(Salvioni Gennari, 2015). CSR of the pharmaceutical industry is quite distinct from the CSR in other sectors, as the main product, medicine and drugs are important for the welfare of the society. With the increasing pressure of the civil society, it has become essential for the pharmaceutical firms to act responsibly in the rapidly changing globalised world. Therefore, many of the firms are expanding or reforming their CSR strategies to avoid ethical issues(Droppert, 2015). Like any other major businesses, the pharmaceutical business is also in continuous inspection of the method it deploys to conduct its activities. Most of the companies face the issue of not meeting the ethical standards set by the law. Medicines manufactured by the pharmaceutical companies are an important part of the effective healthcare service delivery system. Media often reveals the negative or ineffective activities of the industry that ruins their public image and trust. Unfair and unfavourable headlines have become unavoidable for the pharmaceutical companies. Therefore, its efforts to counter the problems must be a higher importance for the industry. The industry faces issue in ignoring the perception of the public, as good healthcare is an important obligation the government and the pharmaceutical industries owe the society and judgment of people directly affect the policies of the government. For instance, the US pensioners team AARP suspected certain pharmaceutical firms o f exploiting front groups, which supposed to show the aging and released posts that preferred the viewpoint of the diligence on issues like pricing. Such kind of rights often receives foremost attention in the media. Thus, it leads to damaging the image of the pharmaceutical industry highly among the public(Chan, Cheah, Montanheiro, 2016). It is often alleged that the pharmaceutical industry is using CSR for popularizing their products, brand, and increase their profits, which is also an important issue faced by the company(Pharmiweb.com, 2017). Pricing is one of the major issues faced by the pharmaceutical industry. In Australia, 71% pharmaceutical companies think that the price disclosure calculation of the government has become more transparent than 2012. However, there is a need of self-governing corroboration of calculations. Some firms believe that no more price reduction can be maintained and their market share will be battered under the simplified price disclosure(Pwc.com.au, 2017). Poor scientific production is another important CSR issue that has an impact on the health of the service users. The industry has persisted at the same level for the past years. Utilisation of the same discovering and progress processes has made it growth and productivity slower(PwC., 2017). Implication of CSR issues The damaged image of the pharmaceutical industry in the media often overshadows the vital role played by the industry in research and development for discovering new medicines. Many of the chronic diseases that had a devastating impact on the society previously, are now controlled well. Here, the credit goes to the pharmaceutical industrys effort. This effort is being taken for granted because of the CSR issues faced by the industry(Pharmiweb.com, 2017). One of the greatest condemnations beside CSR is pharmaceutical firms are only concerned with CSR for enhancing their marketing image. Issues related to CSR create notable business risks. Customers and firms tend to avoid companies that grow an unscrupulous reputation. Moreover, firms that are not concerned with their moral duties are more expected to submit into ethical problems like, accounting outrages, mass exploitation and so on(Business.time.com, 2017). An example of the CSR issue faced by the pharmaceutical industry is the issues faced by Martin Shkreli, who is known for Turing Pharmaceuticals, Retrophin. Martin Shkreli was accused for several number of guilt and fraud related to securities. One of the CSR issues he faced in 2015, when he increased the price of lifesaving drugs by above 5000%. He had to give $5million bail for avoiding 20years of imprisonment(Mangan, 2017). Recommendation In a pharmaceutical firm, staffs are also consumers on the outside of the company and they seek for medicines that are available at an affordable price. Therefore, they are interested in the global issues related to CSR in the pharmaceutical industry. They have their own point of view on operational process of the firm in a global context. It provides greater opportunity to the people who are involved in making CSR strategies for the pharmaceutical companies to identify the important CSR issues. In order to increase the visibility of a firm, it is important to involve in social works, fulfil the responsibilities toward the society by improving access to life-saving medicines, and providing training to the communities regarding the precautions of some diseases like HIV, Dengue, and others(Brewer, 2014). Pharmaceutical companies must take a more noticeable development on global issues. The companies can join with the non-profit and charitable health and social care organisations for supporting their actions related to the welfare of the community. At present day, companies cannot avoid their CSR responsibilities and therefore, they must implement effective CSR strategies that fulfil both the commercial and social objectives. It can be done by increasing involvement of the community and the stakeholders in organisational decision-making. They must demonstrate that the pharmaceutical companies are an important part of the health care system and they play a vital role in the welfare and development of the global healthcare system. References Brewer, K. M. (2014). Corporate social responsibility in the pharmaceutical industryWhy it matters from business, bioethical and social perspectives. North Carolina: Wake Forest University. Business.time.com. (2017). Retrieved September 13 , 2017, from Why Companies Can No Longer Afford to Ignore Their Social Responsibilities | TIME.com.: https://business.time.com/2012/05/28/why-companies-can-no-longer-afford-to-ignore-their-social-responsibilities/ Cebcglobal.org. (2017). Retrieved September 13, 2017, from Cebcglobal.org: https://www.cebcglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/CSR-The_Shape_of_a_History.pdf Droppert, H. . (2015). Corporate social responsibility in global health: An exploratory study of multinational pharmaceutical firms. Globalization and health, 11 (1), 15. Mangan, D. (2017). Cnbc.com. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from Pharma bro' Martin Shkreli found guilty of 3 of 8 charges, including securities fraud. CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/04/pharma-bro-martin-shkreli-convicted-in-federal-fraud-case.html Pharmiweb.com. (2017). Retrieved September 13, 2017, from Why corporate social responsibility is healthy for pharma - Feature | PharmiWeb.com.: https://www.pharmiweb.com/features/feature.asp?ROW_ID=630#.WbmBEciGPIU Salvioni, D. M., Gennari, F. . (2015). Corporate responsibility and ethical culture in pharmaceutical industry. Turker, D. (2015). An analysis of corporate social responsibility in the Turkish business context. In Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe . Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.